Relationship between Employees Motivation and Turnover Intention: Empirical Study of Traffic Police of District Charsadda

Motivation is the combination of all the factors both external and internal that stimulate desire and energy in people and make them constantly interested and committed to a job, role or subject, and enable them to make efforts for achieving organizational goals. Less motivated people can cause low performance, bad inspiration for co-workers, employees burnout etc. every organization tries to utilize their employees in an optimal way but sometimes motivation does restrict their desired goals. As an employer expects his personnel to perform, employees also expect something in return, which works as stimulus for motivation and when employees expectations are not fulfilled, addressed they simply leave the organization. This study was approached with the purpose of finding the perceived level of motivation (both intrinsic and extrinsic) and its effect upon employee's turnover intention. Data were collected through predesigned, self administered questionnaire. 62 respondents participated actively . For data investigation statistical measures like percentage, frequency, correlation and linear regression were used. For determining the validity Cronbach's alpha was used and it found that all the variables values stood above the minimum level of 0.70. showing the reliability of the data. The end results showed that both intrinsic motivation and over all motivation had effects upon turnover intention and it was concluded that there is significant and empirical correlation between motivation and turnover intention and also between intrinsic motivation and turnover intention

Relationship between Employees Motivation and Turnover Intention: Empirical Study of Traffic Police of District Charsadda

Motivation is the combination of all the factors both external and internal that stimulate desire and energy in people and make them constantly interested and committed to a job, role or subject, and enable them to make efforts for achieving organizational goals. Less motivated people can cause low performance, bad inspiration for co-workers, employees burnout etc. every organization tries to utilize their employees in an optimal way but sometimes motivation does restrict their desired goals. As an employer expects his personnel to perform, employees also expect something in return, which works as stimulus for motivation and when employees expectations are not fulfilled, addressed they simply leave the organization. This study was approached with the purpose of finding the perceived level of motivation (both intrinsic and extrinsic) and its effect upon employee's turnover intention. Data were collected through predesigned, self administered questionnaire. 62 respondents participated actively . For data investigation statistical measures like percentage, frequency, correlation and linear regression were used. For determining the validity Cronbach's alpha was used and it found that all the variables values stood above the minimum level of 0.70. showing the reliability of the data. The end results showed that both intrinsic motivation and over all motivation had effects upon turnover intention and it was concluded that there is significant and empirical correlation between motivation and turnover intention and also between intrinsic motivation and turnover intention

The Impact of Corporate Strategy on the Capital Structure of Pakistani Companies (Diversification and Capital Structure)

Research into the capital structure of firms has been the subject of extensive empirical investigation. This study seeks to extend the debate by examining the endogenous influence of corporate strategy on financing decisions made by firms. Diversification is one of the corporate strategies that allow a company to enter business lines that are same or different from current operations as well as operate in several economic markets. Financial choices need to be evaluated because of their close interaction with management choices. Optimal capital structure plays a key role in achieving the overriding goal of financial management. The study sought to discover the impact of corporate diversification strategies on financial choices because study main focus is diversification strategy (A type of corporate strategy). For purposes of comparison, the current study used four of the nine Rumelt categories which correspond to Wrigley's original four, which were single product strategy, dominant strategy, related firm strategy and unrelated firm strategy. Panel data model was constructed and using a sample of 120 companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange and data was obtained for companies with seven years’ quarterly data annually from 2010 to 2017. Using empirical tests, we found no relationship between diversification and leverage. Our analysis suggests that Diversifications strategy impact on capital structure indicate that this focus of enquiry has considerable potential for further resolution of the capital structure puzzle

A Survey of “Knowledge, Attitudes & Practices” of Islamic Banking Clients: An Evidence from FATA and PATA, Pakistan

Islamic banking & Finance and conventional banking are described as having the "same purpose but the essence and operations of Islamic banking are in accordance with Shariah law and have same "basic objectives" as other business and financial entities, i.e. "maximization of shareholder wealth". The speedy development of an Islamic banking system may improve financial insertion by providing an alternative to faith sensitive Muslims who are willingly excluded themselves from the system of conventional finance due to the nature of interest based. In Pakistan, the Islamic banking system eroding the growth of conventional banking so it’s worthy to explore the effect of religious belief the occurrence of a financial exclusion. The target population is from FATA and PATA maintain accounts at Islamic banks and conventional banks and a sample size of one hundred and fifty customers were picked up. The methodology focuses on the KAP Model (knowledge, attitude, practices), which indicates if attitude influences the association among “knowledge and practice” of an “Islamic banking”. Looking into KAP Analysis survey, through study result we find out that knowledge about Islamic banking and practices of Islamic banking are closely related. People having information about Islamic Banking and Products are more inclined towards Islamic Banking and people who don’t have much information are less interested in Islamic banking and Islamic products. KAP survey suggested that customers of conventional and Islamic banks are driven by the same motivating factors that have impact on their attitude. However, there have some likable factors that could be valued by “Islamic bank account holders only such as “variety of products & services, reliability, confidence in bank’s management, reputation and most important compliance with the Shariah rules in finance & investment.”. Low-cost services are some factors result in non-Muslims prefer Islamic Banking over the conventional banking

A Proposed Language Policy for Education in Pakistan

The 72-year nascent history of Pakistan reflects a vacillating picture of language planning, policies and practices (for education) at all levels, that can, in turn, potentially pave the way for viable future (in the current context) only if reformed pragmatically. The present position paper attempts to explore and examines the pestilent plight of dated language planning, policies and practices for education in Pakistan. For that matter, strategies outlined and practices espoused have contributed the least to bring about a transformational change in language for the education system of Pakistan in a futuristic milieu. Thereby, resultantly, creating a language hodgepodge in the Pakistani education system. The existing research recommends the Bilingual Method of Comparative Language Learning and Teaching, in which both of the languages (e.g., Urdu and English) are coped with, creatively, so that both develop equally. Translation and Translation Studies would become integral to such an integrated method and approach. For that to happen, Pakistan largely needs English, to be materialized, as an Instrumental International Language (EIIL), rather than Literature or Linguistics. Thus, the said prospective way out may dissipate the existing dilemma of language policy in the education system of Pakistan—that lacks a workable and practicable means of instruction—for disseminating education as enlightenment. The existing study (while examining the aforesaid issue) pursues The Pakistan Futuristic Foundation and Institute (PFI), Islamabad, as an educational role model and mentor. Since the need and importance of language in education is seminal to the holistic-integrative growth and development of overall education system at all levels, that is why the researchers have probed and examined the current language impasse in education while observing, studying and experiencing it, objectively. In this connection, the current study is qualitative, experiential, holistic-integrative, and characteristically futuristic

Renewable Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, and Environmental Degradation: A Panel Data Analysis of Developing and Developed Countries

Studies regarding environmental degradation and its association with different factors have got considerable attention recently in the prevalent literature but with assorted outcomes which have been a guide to the ongoing debate on environmental studies. Energy from renewable sources has been considered beneficial for environmental quality while it is still below the anticipated level especially in developing economies. Openness to trade is important to enhance economic growth while it has been overawed to worsen the quality of environment due to deprived policies especially in developing countries. Subsequently, the present research investigates trade openness, renewable energy consumption, and foreign direct investment in carbon emission in the world developing and developed countries by employing static, dynamic and long run estimators. Trade openness has been found to have a decreasing effect on carbon emission in developed countries while degrading the quality of environment in developing countries while renewable energy consumption enhances environmental quality in both samples. The impact of tourism on carbon emission varies in different samples where FDI increases emission in developed countries while having a negative effect of carbon emission in developing countries. The long run estimators also evidence the existence of long run association among variables. The outcomes of this study have considerable policy implication regarding trade openness policy formulation to upsurge environmental quality especially in developing countries. The study has further suggestions regarding tourism and promoting the use of renewable energy sources by avoiding the use of former’s energy to enhance environmental quality

Dose institutional quality influences the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions?

As a result of rapid economic expansion, increased energy use, and urbanization, global warming and climate change have become serious challenges in recent decades. Institutional quality can be the remedy to impede the harmful effect of factors on environmental quality. This study investigates the impact that urbanization and institutional quality on environmental quality in in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2002 to 2019. By using two step generalized method of moment, the findings shows that urbanization leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions and a decline in environmental quality. On the other hand, the square term of urbanization indicates that an increase in urbanization leads to a reduction in emissions at a later stage after reach a certain level. Education, on the other hand, has the reverse impact of increasing carbon emissions; economic growth, foreign direct investment, and government effectiveness all boost carbon emissions. In a similar vein, the interaction between urbanization and the effectiveness of the government is unfavorable, underscoring the transformative role that the effectiveness of the government plays in leading to environmental sustainability. Finally, the findings of this study have considerable policy implication for the sample countries

The Dynamic Interrelationship of Environmental Factors and Foreign Direct Investment: Dynamic Panel Data Analysis and New Evidence from the Globe

Studies on the role of renewable energy consumption and other environmental factors in carbon emission have got considerable attention recently, and they are predicted to get exaggerated in the coming decades. Energy usage increases economic growth and development of a country and backs to global warming and carbon emission which affect the local environment. For the prosperity of a country, it is felt crucial to measure the unavoidable impacts which effect environmental quality. Consequently, the current study investigates the interrelationship of renewable energy consumption, carbon dioxide emission, foreign direct investment, and economic growth in 190 countries of the world for the period of 1980 to 2018. By employing both static and dynamic models, the findings indicate that carbon emission, renewable energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and economic growth affect each other significantly whereas renewable energy consumption has been found beneficial for environmental quality; however, it decreases the inflow of FDI. RE has a decreasing impact, while FDI and carbon emission promote economic growth. The study suggests the promotion of renewable energy resources and policies related to FDI to promote the quality of the environment and achieve economic growth as well

The effect of urbanization on carbon emission.

As a result of rapid economic expansion, increased energy use, and urbanization, global warming and climate change have become serious challenges in recent decades. Institutional quality can be the remedy to impede the harmful effect of factors on environmental quality. This study investigates the impact that urbanization and institutional quality on environmental quality in in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2002 to 2019. By using two step generalized method of moment, the findings shows that urbanization leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions and a decline in environmental quality. On the other hand, the square term of urbanization indicates that an increase in urbanization leads to a reduction in emissions at a later stage after reach a certain level. Education, on the other hand, has the reverse impact of increasing carbon emissions; economic growth, foreign direct investment, and government effectiveness all boost carbon emissions. In a similar vein, the interaction between urbanization and the effectiveness of the government is unfavorable, underscoring the transformative role that the effectiveness of the government plays in leading to environmental sustainability. Finally, the findings of this study have considerable policy implication for the sample countries.</div